Standard ISO/IEC 14443 is an international technical standard developed by International Organization for Standardization , which describes the operation of proximity cards and the protocol used to communicate with it.
This is the most popular RFID standard and is used in many wide-scale implementations, such as MIFARE® cards, the Calypso electronic ticket sales system, CiPurse, biometric passports, payment cards EMV (PayPass, PayWave, ExpressPay), German identity documents, etc. The standard uses the terms PCD (Proximity Coupling Device) and PICC (Proximity Integrated Circuit Card) to identify devices (readers) and transponders (cards).
The ISO/IEC 14443 standard consists of four parts, each of which describes a different aspect of the proximity card and its use:
- Part 1: Physical properties
- Part 2: Radio frequency power and signal interface
- Part 3: Initialization and anti-collision
- Part 4: Transmission protocol
The ISO / IEC 14443 standard specifies two types of cards, namely type A and type B. Both use the same 13.56MHz carrier frequency, but use different modulation and coding schemes.
Details of the RF interface are given in the table below:
Transmission from PCD to PICC |
Transmission from PICC to PCD |
|
ISO / IEC 14443-A | ||
Frequency | 13.56 MHz | 847.5 kHz |
modulation | ASK 100% | Load modulation |
encoding | Modified Miller | OOK, Manchester |
ISO / IEC 14443-B | ||
Frequency | 13.56 MHz | 847.5 kHz |
modulation | ASK 10% | Load modulation |
encoding | NRZ | BPSK, NRZ-L |